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The steps for building a bridge abutment typically involve the following:
1. Establish the foundation of the abutment, which can be done either by constructing piles or excavating the soil and replacing it with stone or backfilling.
2. Backfilling with crushed stone, sand or gravel.
3. Construct the abutment walls with project-specific materials, such as reinforced concrete or masonry walls.
4. Construct the abutment “crown” made of concrete or stone, depending on the project.
5. Install waterproofing material and membrane to prevent water infiltration.
6. Install drainage pipes to allow water to flow away from the abutment.
7. Backfill the abutment with soil to provide stability.
8. For additional stability and strength, vertical tie rods are connected between the abutment walls and the bridge deck.