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Knocking in pipes is also called as “ water hammering “ .
Consider a long pipe AB connected at one end to a tank containing water at a height of H from the centre of the pipe. At the other end of the pipe, a valve is provided to regulate the flow of water . When the valve is completely open, the water flows with its velocity, V in the pipe. If the valve is suddenly closed, the momentum of the flowing water will be disturbed and consequently a wave of high pressure will be generated. This wave of high pressure will be transmitted along the pipe with the velocity equal to velocity of sound wave and create noise known as knocking. Also this wave of high pressure has the effect of hammering action on the walls of the pipe and hence it is also known as water hammer.