Explain the methods of layout of distribution pipes.

Methods of laying out distribution system:

1. Dead-end system: here from its name we conclude that it’s a dead-end pipe system. Here in this pipe networks are divided into parts, mains, sub mains, branch lines, and service connections. Mains are at the center of the city we say, sub mains are connected on both sides of mains, and further branch lines are continued from sub mains and from that service connection is given. At the starting of sub mains cut-off valve is fixed to regulate the flow. this network system looks like a tree system so it is also called a tree system.
2. Grid iron system: this system also contains mains, sub mains, and branch lines. But it did not consist dead-end system, every line is interconnecting. This system is used in well-planned cities. Water continues to flow in this network. This is also called an interlaced system.
3. Ring system: the ring system is also called a circular system. Main lines are fixed on the periphery of the city. And from there branch lines are distributed in the city.
4. Radial water distribution system: this is different from the ring system. Here zone wise divided into cities and a particular reservoir is provided to the zone also at an elevation from where distribution lines are goes in the streets.