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The 3 types of cement that bind sand together in sandstone are silica, carbonate and clay. Silica cements are formed by the recrystallization of quartz grains and act as a glue that binds sand particles into layers.
Carbonate cements are formed by the precipitation of calcite, which reinforces the interparticle contacts between the sand grains. Clay cements are formed when groundwater deposits minerals such as kaolinite, illite and chlorite between the sand grains, thus gluing them together.