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Stresses in Sub-Soil: normal stress (σ) and shear stress(τ)
Stresses in sub-soil are caused by:
(i) Self-weight of soil
(ii) Structural load on the soil
Stresses developed in saturated soil are:
(i) Effective stresses
(ii) Neutral stresses
(iii) Total stresses.
The relation between normal stress and shear stress is that, when a force is acting at an angle of 90 degrees i.e perpendicular to the surface of an object, it exerts normal stress and when a force acts parallel to the surface of an object, it exerts shear stress.