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The direction of a survey line can either be established by following methods:
1. With relation to each other.
2. With relation to some fixed reference direction.
Fix line of reference is generally called a meridian.
In surveying, a meridian is a circle of constant longitude on the Earth’s surface. A meridian is an arc that connects the two poles and passes through the geographic center of the Earth. Longitudinal lines are measured in degrees from the Prime Meridian (0°) east or west and indicate the relative position of any location on Earth to the Greenwich Meridian.