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The wastewater treatment process typically involves the following steps:
1. Pretreatment: Screening and/or grit removal to remove large objects, sand, and other solid materials from the wastewater.
2. Primary treatment: Sedimentation using tanks or basins to allow suspended solids to settle out of the wastewater.
3. Secondary treatment: This is usually biological processes that remove dissolved organic matter from the water, such as activated sludge processes and trickling filters.
4. Tertiary treatment: This is usually a physical/chemical process like filtration or oxidation to further remove contaminants, such as nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, from the wastewater before it is discharged into the environment.
5. Disinfection: The final stage in most wastewater treatment processes to kill or inactivate pathogenic organisms before the water can be reused or discharged. Common disinfection methods include chlorination and ultraviolet radiation.